What characterizes deductive reasoning?

Deductive reasoning is characterized by drawing conclusions from general principles or premises that are considered to be true. This process involves a logical progression where if the general principles are accepted, the conclusions that follow must also be valid. In deductive reasoning, the conclusions are specific results that logically follow from the broader statements or hypotheses. This method is often structured in a way that is formalized, such as syllogisms where a general statement leads to a specific conclusion.

For instance, if one has the general principle that all humans are mortal and a specific case that Socrates is a human, one can conclude that Socrates is mortal. This method of reasoning moves from the general to the specific and is foundational to logical arguments and scientific reasoning.