Which type of reasoning involves forming general conclusions based on specific observations?

Inductive reasoning is a method where general conclusions are derived from specific observations or instances. This process involves analyzing specific examples and using them to formulate broader generalizations or theories. For instance, if one observes that the sun rises in the east every morning, they might conclude that the sun always rises in the east. This type of reasoning is essential in scientific inquiry, where patterns are recognized from experimental data to develop hypotheses and theories.

In contrast, deductive reasoning starts with general principles or theories and applies them to specific situations to reach a logical conclusion. Abductive reasoning is about forming a hypothesis from incomplete information, often the best explanation for observed phenomena. Transformative reasoning is not a formal category of reasoning in the same context as the others mentioned. Each reasoning type serves different purposes in logical thinking and scientific analysis, but inductive reasoning specifically aligns with the process of concluding broadly from particular observations.