Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA, or tRNA, is the type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule is specific to one type of amino acid and has an acylated end that binds to the amino acid and an anticodon on the other end that pairs with the corresponding codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA) being translated at the ribosome. This pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation, facilitating the accurate synthesis of proteins.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, dictating the sequence of amino acids based on the codons. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosome itself, playing a structural and catalytic role during protein synthesis. Micro RNA (miRNA) is involved in the regulation of gene expression by interacting with mRNA, but it does not carry amino acids. Thus, tRNA is the critical molecule for transporting amino acids to the site of protein synthesis, making it essential for this biological process.